Of course wee walk / ride bicycles instead of driving short distances. That's positive in a way, and in line with the political goals with this policy. Less traffic = less pollution. Also the high prices encourages people to buy fuel efficient cars, which also = less pollution. As you now probably can guess, the bulk of the retail price of gasoline is called "environmental tax"
Personally I don't like this way of forcing people to drive less. To some extent it works in cities, where public transport is good and distances shorter, but not in rural areas, which is where many Norwegians live. We, as do the UK, pump huge amounts of oil out of the North Sea. The bulk of this is exported (as a nation, we are one of the few who profits on high crude-prices; the Kuwait of Scandinavia). Since this oil is a natural resource pumped from public "property" I think it would be fair if we got it for free. But then, we get what we vote for. To bad that the only political party that wants to get rid of the fuel-tax are totally irresponsible populist nutcases on other, more important issues.